Thursday, November 28, 2019

Memoir (ENGL) Essays - Albums, DraftGods Rainbow Manner

United States? I was about three 3 years old when I was removed from my mum's house. At the time I didn't think much of it, thought I was just staying somewhere else for a little while. Little did I know, I was actually moving to what would be the first of many foster care homes. They weren't too bad if I'm honest and at my age I didn't think of it as I still saw my siblings and parents every now and then. This all changed , however , in the early 2008 when I was told I was being adopted by my Uncle who up until that point I hadn't even met yet. On top of that I would be leaving England (my home for the past 7 years) and moving to "America" (Formally known as the United States of America). At the time I didn't know much about the country except for the fact they weren't very good at football (soccer) nor did they care much about it. I mention that because at the time the only thing I really cared about or paid payed attention to other than my family, was football. Loo king back I remember how much I didn't want to come, I remember swearing I wouldn't leave and that I would have to be dragged to the airport kicking and screaming. The ironic thing about that was when the day finally did come (June 17th 2008) and I had all my bags packed and ready to go, there wasn't any rage or "fight" in me. Instead the room (me included) were just quiet and , if i'm honest , quite sad. It's like even though none of my immediate family wanted me to leave (nor did I) we all had come to accept the circumstances. A seven and a half hour plane ride later I was walking down the terminal at (IAD) W w ashington D d ulles A a irport in near by Virginia. There I met my Grandma and another of one my uncle's. The m two along with my uncle would be my family" for the foreseeable future. I remember while driving home and looking out the window perplexed ". This was because during the months leading up to my arrival all my friends and families were filling my head up with crazy idea ' s and misrepresentations of what America would be like. I was preparing for sky scrapers and silver/glass buildings everywhere . , Instead i nstead what I saw was empty spaces and trees everywhere, the tree ratio for USA vs UK has to be like 10-1. (note: I was also 7 at the time so I had a big imagination). The empty spaces in particular really struck out to me as in England and more specifically in London (where i'm from) it is absolutely packed and almost the opposite of a state like Virginia. There was a plus , however , as the weather was much better over here than my homeland as it probably averaged 80+ degrees that summer. The biggest/hardest change that I had to deal with once coming here came right after that summer, w W hen I began attending Arcola E e lementary S s chool in Montgomery County, Maryland. When looking back at my move as a whole i've come to realize that schooling was the real change I had to deal with. Not only was I at a totally new school with new people I didn't dress or talk like anyone else at the school. I still had a pure british accent and when you combine that with the fact I was only 7 years old my voice definitely probably sounded like a little girl to all the A a merican students. To make matters worse in England all the kids wear a school uniform (Slacks/Skirt and a Dress Shirt with a Blazer or Jumper on top) so at the time I didn't have many clothes nor know how to really dress , if i'm honest. Everybody was wearing N n ike/ J j ordan shoes with jeans and t-shirts etc; while I only had football kits ( j J erseys) and

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Lower Underage drinking. essays

Lower Underage drinking. essays There is no denying that there is a problem in our country with underage drinking, and that something must be done about it. We have already tried raising the drinking age to 21 and have become stricter with underage drinkers. Ever since the legal drinking age was raised to 21 (in 1987) there has been an increase in binge drinking as well as an increase in problems related to heavy and irresponsible drinking. (www.asfar.org). We must find a way to stop this increase in dangerous binge drinking, and the way we can do this is by lowering the legal drinking age to 18. In the next few paragraphs I will outline the main reasons why the drinking age should be lowered and how this can help combat the irresponsible drinking habits of todays youth. First of all, studies have shown that the current drinking age is counterproductive. (www.rallyusa.org, April 30, 2002) Binge drinking has been on the rise ever since the legal drinking age was raised to 21. Kids now see drinking as a forbidden fruit, a badge of rebellion against authorities, and a symbol of adulthood. Which has caused a lot of irresponsible drinking, and a rise in problems related to heavy drinking. For example after the 21 year old law was passed, students reporting vomiting after drinking went from 46% to over 50% after the law change. The number of students cutting class after drinking also rose form 9% to almost 12%. (Ruth Engs, indiana.edu/%7Eengs/articles/cqoped.html, 1998). Both of these numbers indicate that alcohol is not being used by youths in a responsible manner. For many of these students drinking is more exciting when it is illegal and by denying them alcohol, they want to drink even more. This causes them to turn to underground drinking and of cou rse irresponsible drinking. Ironically, it is the drinking age that drives many y ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 31

Assignment - Essay Example ms, and partnerships and always strive to attract and retain the youth in their programs by instilling a sense of belonging, satisfaction and familiarity within the Greater Saint John. The organization’s purpose is the creation of a sense of belonging in the community by engaging the people and providing them with opportunities for growth (Heidemann, 2009). These statements make a lot of sense since from the organization’s list of events and achievements it has sought to accomplish these goals by relating positively with the government, community, and the sponsors (Davies, 2008). It has also started mentorship programs and organized lectures and speeches for the youths. They are Saint John Board of Trade, Enterprise Saint John, Teen Resource Center, Skate to Care, Saint John Christmas Exchange, and Saint John Dragon Boat Festival. There stakeholders currently not served are Ernst & Young, Irving, Cox & Palmer, Silver Sponsors, Mariner, Hilton Saint John, Bayview Credit Union and Brunswick Pipeline. They are currently not served because they are not community partners with FUSION SAINT JOHN but sponsors. However, they can be targeted by establishing appropriate engagement and communication channels geared towards the community’s

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Semiotic examination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Semiotic examination - Essay Example The TV show is a host talk show where there are some audiences. Those involved in the talk show are three significant individuals; they include the talk show host, the invited guest, and another person participating through a video link on the show. The show is taking place in an auditorium where the host and the guest are on the stage the audience is upfront, and the host is taking the guest to task through questions (Dreyfus, 2011). The effect of the video can be drawn from the reaction of the audience present. Applauds are heard as the guests authoritatively responds to these questions. The significant components of the video clip include some introductory graphics introducing the title show. The appealing colors used catch the attention of the viewer at the initial start. As the clip progresses the trademark logo of the show is evident background instrumentals soundtrack is being played this goes inline of demonstrating the whole thing as captivating, which creates a perception o n the viewer that what waits is exciting. Through the use of fading effects, the talk show is ushered where the hosts instantly is captured on the introductory remarks. First introducing the person participating through a video link seen on a screen on the backdrop of the page, Which is made up of various screens and graphics which are symbolic appearance; the video shows an up-close view of the host and guests; the guests irregularly engage the audience who respond with applauds, the video is motivational from the context of what is being discussed, and it is likely to have an inspirational effect on the viewers. The video clip is made of a high resolution which may be highly appealing to the viewer, in addition to the bright silver, colors. That suits the entire event and also an active audience. The stated components have various effects on to the viewer this include their reactions perceptions and conclusions. The introductory graphics and soundtrack and the graphics try to move the viewers’ attention to continue watching the rest of the clip. Research has proved, that 80% of those who watched any visual contents decide to do it depending on the impression made in the first few seconds of the video clip. The soundtrack creates an ambience that is inspiring, and in line with the content of the video. The backdrop consists of several screens and colorful graphics with colors which offer a high appeal not only to the viewer but also the participating audience. The most important part is the fact that the viewers can identify with the topic of discussion due to its motivational nature this creates a feeling of relativity, which encompasses the viewer to the line of thinking making the video more and more appealing to him. The video conferencing link on the start of the video makes the whole context real coupled up with the occasional laughter from the participants and the guests present. The setting of the participants is unique to other talk shows, and this gives an edge to the clip. The setting in which the video is done also adds to its appeal the body language and posture assumed when paying attention to the video link participant shows the different angles it portrays, it makes the video to be exhaustive in regards to all the participants involved. The presence of a life audience in the video adds to the personal touch and relates to how they express their emotions and convey their feelings to the subject

Monday, November 18, 2019

Wernicke's aphasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wernicke's aphasia - Essay Example Included in the effects of aphasia is the problem in the articulation and comprehension of a particular language which can be perceived in both the written and spoken activities (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [NIDCD], 1997). There are different types of aphasia on the basis of the specific area affected and damaged in the left hemisphere of the brain. The focus of the study, Wernicke’s Aphasia is a type of aphasia affecting the distinct part of the brain referred to as the Wernicke’s area. The Wernicke’s Aphasia is a specific type of language impairment on the basis of the damage in the specific area of the brain for language development and control. The said are is located in the left hemisphere of the brain for speech related skills and activities specifically for comprehension (NIDCD, 1997). The said area of the brain damaged is named after one of the earliest contributors in the field of psychiatry as well as neuropathology Dr. Carl Wernicke, a Polish expert in the anatomy of the brain. He is responsible for creating the clinical picture related to the pathoanatomic analysis of the brain which can be considered as essential in the correlation between the physiology of the brain and the functions performed in the different parts of the body. The parts of the brain affected by the disease are presented in figure 1 (NIDCD, 1997; University of Illinois Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation, 2003). The discovery then of the Wernicke’s disorder can be attributed to the establishment of the field in science that correlates psychology with neurology. For that matter, modeling allowed the critical analysis helpful in both fields. In the said study, Wernicke being one of the strong and essential proponents and active participant in research had been honored by giving his name to the concepts he established. Included in the

Friday, November 15, 2019

A study into secretive human behavior

A study into secretive human behavior Secretive is human behavior that has generally negative connation which should not be confused with Privacy which generally represents the human trait in which one individual is not ready to share his/her personal information to others. In contrast the secretive behavior is not limited to personal information only. If we look at the relevance of the particular behavior we may find that not only it is associated to individual level behavior but also to the organizational level. Therefore we can say that it has considerable effect in behavior modeling of individual as well as at organizational level. We can also distinguish the effect of this behavior on individual and organizational level. Secretive behavior can be associated to particular personality traits that an individual possesses which can be looked into by different conceptual framework as given in this study. Though the secretive behavior of an individual is always taken in negative sense but when we compare the inherent traits that build up this kind of behavior we may find that secretive behavior arise some positive traits in an individual which is more explained by Johari Window in following precedence. Conceptual Framework According to the study of scholarly articles studied by me I have come upon the definition of secretive behavior as the personality trait of an individual which comprises of hiding some information (that can be relevant or irrelevant) from others either consciously or unconsciously by the virtue of the individual traits that a person possesses. The hiding of the information can be act of introvert nature of a person or a kind of defence mechanism as suggested by Freud Theory. Therefore to analyze the personality traits that mould the secretive behavior I have taken help of Johari Window Framework. Johari Window was developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingman (Jo + Hari, Johari) in 1950s which is taken as 2 X 2 window having 4 quadrants or regions. Each quadrant or region depicts the information of an individual as perceived by themselves and by others as well. And hence by knowing the findings one can get a good understanding of themselves and their personalities in a more refined way. Figure 1 depicts the four quadrant of Johari Window from perceivers perspective and from others perspective. Perceived Person Known Unknown Perceiver Known OPEN BLIND Unknown SECRETS UNKNOWN Figure 1: Johari Window Following are the details of all four regions of Joharis Window described in detail: Open Region: When the personality traits or behavior of a person matches with the perspective of others as well, it is called as open region. It is generally that part that you show and share with others. It includes your appearance, team behavior, skills etc. It is generally recommended that people should belong to this region to increase there productivity in an organization. Blind Region: This is the region which includes characteristics that are known to other members in the group but individuals are not aware of that. These are generally the blind spot which should be as low as possible. These include individual behavior like making faces, showing emotions, aggressive nature etc which an individual does not know when they indulge in this type of traits. The aim is to reduce this area as much as possible which can be done by taking feedback from other members in the group to know things that an individual is not aware of. Secret Region: In this region the individual is aware of certain things but the others not. These things or behaviors are generally kept as secrets by the individual. This can be related to the introvert, shy nature of an individual. Another aspect is the avoided area by the individual which can be result from certain behavior that is socially not acceptable or considered as wrong. It can include certain private information that an individual does not want to share or the information that individual did not want to share. This kind of secretive behavior can adversely affect the dynamics of group therefore, it is recommended to reduce this area as much as possible and make the system more transparent. Unknown Region: When the behavior or traits are unknowns to the individual as well as the other team it is classified under this region. This can include talent and other behavior that can be revealed by either the person himself in future or by any other team member. By taking the Joharis window as a framework to analyze the personal traits of an individual one can distinguish that in which region out of the four does it belong and a person if it belongs in 3rd region that is Secret Region the attributes of that person can be best suited to know more about the secretive behavior of an individual at individual level as well as group level. Review of Literature The dictionary definition of secretive is defined as inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information; although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it . If we look into literature review of this behavior there is lot of research papers that are presented. Few author presentation and perspective has been presented below: The well known concept of Johari Window1, which is a model of self awareness, personal development, group development and understanding relationship. This concept can be related to MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)2 Indicator According to Julie D. Lane and Daniel M. Wegner 3, secrecy is a form of intentional deception that is peculiar for two reasons. First, whereas deception involves inducing a belief in another person that one knows to be false, secrecy involves preventing the other from knowing something one believes to be true. The second distinction is that secrecy is something one can do alone in a room. In another perspective Aldert Vrij, Karl Nunkoosing, Beth Paterson, Annerieke Oosterwegel and Stavroula Soukara4, defines the impact on individual behavior which is stated as Secret-holders confided information to those with whom they felt emotionally close; were more reluctant to confide when they kept the secret to avoid disapproval, and more likely to confide when they believed that others would find out about their secrets by paying attention to their (secret-holders) behaviors. Another context in the literature in Sullivans Interpersonal Theory5, which looks into interpersonal relations that modify the individual behavior. Sullivan stated that the personality of human being is shaped by the interpersonal relations that an individual have. More depth on individual aspect of why do people indulge in this kind of behavior is given by Defence Mechanism Theory by Sigmund Freud6. It involves the involvement of an individual in any behavior either unconsciously or by projecting wrong deception to indulge into defence mechanism. Empirical Study Generalization To study the effect of secretive behavior of an individual, I conducted a case study of four people studying in XLRI PMIR programme who knew well each other before coming here. This case study takes the help of Johari window from which I can deduce the understanding of personalities of these individual according to them as well as from the perspective of others. The main aim of doing this case study is to actually study the personality traits of an individual as perceived by him/her and as perceived by others. With the help of this I can categorize people into each of the four windows as described above in Johari Window and with the help of this segregation I can correlate which kind of people generally depict secretive behavior at individual level. Description of Case Study: In the case study I deliberately choose four people who knew each other very well so that the perception of an individual as perceived by others does not depend on just spontaneous interaction. I gave them 55 adjectives that a person can associates with himself/herself or with others. Then I make them to choose 6 adjectives that they think are best to describe about themselves and then I gave same set of adjectives to other three individual and noted down their responses about the same individual from their perspective on the same 6 adjective parameters. The adjectives that I have used are given in Appendices at the end of this report. Wile filling the corresponding personality traits choices one constraint that I follow is I gave only 120 seconds to fill out their responses for themselves and for others also. Since, there can be a possibility that during 120 seconds the individual does not get enough time to think upon the actual important personality traits. To eliminate out this discrepancy, I conducted same set of case study 4 times among the same set of individual but each time the response sheet which contains the set of 55 adjectives was in random order. To further reduce any unwanted deviations I conducted this at different times over a span of 3 days. By doing this an individual does not actually remember the choices that he/she had filled for others in previous trials. Findings of the Study Generalization Based on the case study as described above following are the results obtained for each of the four individual. Figure 2 represents the Adjectives picked by individual for themselves out of the given 55 adjectives. Adjectives associated with personality 1 2 3 4 5 6 Values perceived by Person A   friendly caring   cheerful   energetic   brave   sensible   Values perceived by Person B   independent logical   organized   helpful   caring     modest Values perceived by Person C   sentimental quiet   sensible   observant dignify   wise   Values perceived by Person D   giving happy   helpful   sensible caring   proud   Figure 2: Adjectives picked by individual for themselves out of the given 55 adjectives Figure 3 represents the adjectives associated with each person as perceived by other three persons. In this the frequency of each adjective is shown in () after taking the questionnaire at different point of time. Person A Person B Person C Person D Person A X   friendly(3), bold(2), extrovert(2) bold(3), energetic(2), organized(2)   extrovert(3), powerful(2), responsive(2)   Person B   Caring (4), helpful (3), extrovert(3) X helpful (4), logical (2), modest (2)   logical (2), proud (2), helpful (2)   Person C   extrovert(2), cheerful (2) , happy (2) nervous(3), tense(2), complex(2)   X relaxed(2), ingenious(1), giving(1) Person D   helpful(3), calm(2), modest(2)   giving(2), happy(2), caring(2)   modest(2), organized(2), giving(1) X Figure 3: Adjectives picked by others for specific person. ( ) represents the frequency of that adjective As we can see from the data collected by taking down the personality traits of an individual from perceiver as well as perceived perspective that the individual behavior of Person A ,Person B and Person C matches to a certain extent with the behavior as noted by other members in the group. Moreover, the frequency with which the kind of adjectives appears for both the persons indicates that all of them belong to Region 1 of Johari Window which is Open region. And the adjectives associated with both persons like friendly, organized, brave, responsive, helpful, extrovert etc are in perfect correlation with the qualities that are associated with Region 1 as given by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingman. If we consider the case of Person 3, where the behavior described by himself does not matches with the behaviors as perceived by others, we can say that the Person C belongs to Region 3 or Secret Region of the Johari Window where the behavior are known to the person but are unknown to others. The basic traits that the person think of him is sentimental, quiet, sensible, observant, dignify and wise which is in negative correlation with the behavior given by other like extrovert, happy, relaxed etc. Moreover, the attributes associate with Person 3 which he think of him perfectly correlates with the behavior associated with Region 3 of Johari Window as given by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingman. Therefore, we can say that the individual having personality traits like introvert, quiet, shy, powerful, observant are much more associated to the persons having secretive behavior as compared to the person with the behavior like extrovert, happy, openness etc. Implications of Group Work We can distinguish the effect of this behavior on individual and organizational level which is given as follows: At Individual Level: Impact on Psychological Aspect: When we look into the effect of this kind of behavior on mental functions of human we can see that this type of behavior is generally associated with the people who are reserved, introvert, who does not want to share information. Also we can say that that the type of people who show this kind of behavior have very strong will which make them to hide information from others. Impact on Behavioral Modernity: With the advent of more information channels and competition the secretive nature has been considerably changed from our ancestors. And by comparing with the previous we can say that it has considerably increased. At Organizational level: Impact on Sociological Aspect: Sometimes secretive nature of the organization is more concerned with hiding of some information due to protection of ideas, future plans, information which can affect them severely. Impact on Anthropological Aspect: When an organization does not share proper information with employees, they are actually creating a traditional relations with them which will affect the motivation and performance of there work. Impact on Job Satisfaction Level: Job Satisfaction relates to the content level of an individual with his/her performance. And when an individual thinks that an organization is hiding some relevant information that arise a suspicion which decreases the job satisfaction or this behavior shows the negative correlation with job satisfaction. Contributions to Organizational Behavior I feel that as a part of organizational behavior it is very important to understand the individual behaviors and personality traits. In addition to this it is very much essential to understand and focus on the actual causes behind these behaviors which actually force an individual to indulge in secretive behavior. Therefore I think my study about secretive behavior is very much relevant to organizational behavior. But since my research involves the study the effect of internal personality traits on secretive nature and therefore it will be interesting to see how external effects like situation and society plays an important role in contributing the modification of secretive behavior in an individual. Hence, there is further scope to extend this study in the light of external factors and correlation of these external factors with the internal behavioral trait of an individual. Conclusion According to the study of scholarly articles studied by me I have come upon the definition of secretive behavior as the personality trait of an individual which comprises of hiding some information (that can be relevant or irrelevant) from others either consciously or unconsciously by the virtue of the individual traits that a person possesses. As showed in the case study results given above the personality traits to a greater extent affects the secretive behavior of an individual. For example the individual who are more introvert, shy and reserve tend to show more secretive behavior as compared to the people who are extrovert or outspoken. Even the people who have strong determination are more capable in holding any secret as compared to one who did not have strong will power. Therefore, by studying the Joharis window on different set of people I can say that individual personality traits or internal factors affect the secretive nature very much.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Oligopoly Essay -- Business Oligopolistic Industries

An oligopoly describes a market situation in which there are limited or few sellers. Each seller knows that the other seller or sellers will react to its changes in prices and also quantities. This can cause a type of chain reaction in a market situation. In the world market there are oligopolies in steel production, automobiles, semi-conductor manufacturing, cigarettes, cereals, and also in telecommunications. Often times oligopolistic industries supply a similar or identical product. These companies tend to maximize their profits by forming a cartel and acting like a monopoly. A cartel is an association of producers in a certain industry that agree to set common prices and output quotas to prevent competition. The larger the cartel, the more likely it will be that each member will increase output and cause the price of a good to be lower. The majority of time an oligopoly is used describe a world market; however, the term oligopoly also describes conditions in smaller markets where a few gas stations, grocery stores or alternative restaurants or establishments dominate in their fields. A distinguishing characteristic of an oligopoly is the interdependence of firms. This means that any action on the part of one firm with respect to output, price, or quality will cause a reaction on the side of other firms. Many times an oligopoly leads to price leadership between many firms. A price leadership is the practice in many oligopolistic industries in which the largest firm publishes its price list ahead of its competitors. Then these competitors feel the need to match those announced prices so they lower their prices. This is also termed a parallel pricing. Oligopolies tend to be broken down into one of two distinguished groups. These groups are either a homogeneous or differentiated oligopoly. Homogeneous oligopolies have a standardized product and which include industrial, with petroleum serving as the standardized example, and also services such as banking. Differentiated oligopolies, where the products have some differences, are found in consumer goods industries, such as cars, biscuits, beer and electrical appliances. There is however another oligopoly in which the manner of the corporation or industry is quite familiar to that of a monopoly. This oligopoly is termed collusive. A collusive oligopoly has the ability to behave in the manner of a m... ...nt with the relevant demand curve of D1D1, and prices below Po are consistent with the relevant demand curve of D2D2. The kink in the demand curve occurs at the point labeled E. There is also a gap in the marginal revenue curve marked by MR1 and MR2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many oligopolies in the world market that dominate their respective fields. They have the ability to control prices and quantities of their goods, forcing other companies in that specific industry to adjust to the oligopoly’s changes. The oligopoly has the power to do that because there are few sellers in the industry and each seller reacts to that of the other ones. This often leads to price leadership. This price leadership has a dramatic impact on consumers. Companies compete with the prices of goods and they keep lowering their prices. At the time these price decreases are beneficial for consumers; however, an oligopoly can afford to lower their prices and the smaller firms can not. As a result these smaller firms might be annihilated and enable the oligopoly to dominate the industry. If the oligopoly comes to dominate their industry they then have the ability to set prices higher, a terrible aspect for consumers. Oligopoly Essay -- Business Oligopolistic Industries An oligopoly describes a market situation in which there are limited or few sellers. Each seller knows that the other seller or sellers will react to its changes in prices and also quantities. This can cause a type of chain reaction in a market situation. In the world market there are oligopolies in steel production, automobiles, semi-conductor manufacturing, cigarettes, cereals, and also in telecommunications. Often times oligopolistic industries supply a similar or identical product. These companies tend to maximize their profits by forming a cartel and acting like a monopoly. A cartel is an association of producers in a certain industry that agree to set common prices and output quotas to prevent competition. The larger the cartel, the more likely it will be that each member will increase output and cause the price of a good to be lower. The majority of time an oligopoly is used describe a world market; however, the term oligopoly also describes conditions in smaller markets where a few gas stations, grocery stores or alternative restaurants or establishments dominate in their fields. A distinguishing characteristic of an oligopoly is the interdependence of firms. This means that any action on the part of one firm with respect to output, price, or quality will cause a reaction on the side of other firms. Many times an oligopoly leads to price leadership between many firms. A price leadership is the practice in many oligopolistic industries in which the largest firm publishes its price list ahead of its competitors. Then these competitors feel the need to match those announced prices so they lower their prices. This is also termed a parallel pricing. Oligopolies tend to be broken down into one of two distinguished groups. These groups are either a homogeneous or differentiated oligopoly. Homogeneous oligopolies have a standardized product and which include industrial, with petroleum serving as the standardized example, and also services such as banking. Differentiated oligopolies, where the products have some differences, are found in consumer goods industries, such as cars, biscuits, beer and electrical appliances. There is however another oligopoly in which the manner of the corporation or industry is quite familiar to that of a monopoly. This oligopoly is termed collusive. A collusive oligopoly has the ability to behave in the manner of a m... ...nt with the relevant demand curve of D1D1, and prices below Po are consistent with the relevant demand curve of D2D2. The kink in the demand curve occurs at the point labeled E. There is also a gap in the marginal revenue curve marked by MR1 and MR2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many oligopolies in the world market that dominate their respective fields. They have the ability to control prices and quantities of their goods, forcing other companies in that specific industry to adjust to the oligopoly’s changes. The oligopoly has the power to do that because there are few sellers in the industry and each seller reacts to that of the other ones. This often leads to price leadership. This price leadership has a dramatic impact on consumers. Companies compete with the prices of goods and they keep lowering their prices. At the time these price decreases are beneficial for consumers; however, an oligopoly can afford to lower their prices and the smaller firms can not. As a result these smaller firms might be annihilated and enable the oligopoly to dominate the industry. If the oligopoly comes to dominate their industry they then have the ability to set prices higher, a terrible aspect for consumers.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

History of U.S. in 400 Words Essay

I am very proud of my country because it was formed on the foundation of freedom and has continued to support freedom for all of its citizens as well as helping to spread freedom throughout the world. First, America was founded by common people looking for a better way of life, one in which they were able to practice their religion and participate in how their settlements were governed. Committed to their beliefs, America endured eight years of war to gain their freedom. There were many hardships along the way: disease, starvation, and suffering; but we hung in there and eventually beat the British, the most powerful nation at that time. Then, we did something shocking; we made it a democracy, the first in the world. People thought it was crazy, this American experiment, but we proved it could work. Unfortunately there was a problem brewing – slavery! It ended up causing a great civil war, the North pitted against the South. We got through it and in the end the nation was reunited and freedom for all prevailed. Women still had some problems, though, and after nearly one hundred years of protesting they finally received the same rights as men as they got the right to vote. Our ideals of freedom were then tested outside our boundaries. We got involved in World War II as we helped to purge the world of the atrocities that the Nazis inflicted. We helped in the Korean and Vietnam Wars in their struggle for freedom and equality. After a long Cold War, we were successful in our efforts to get the Soviet Union to end communism and tear down the Berlin Wall. We also got involved in the First Gulf War as we worked to get the Iraqis out of Kuwait and restabilize the country. Then, on September 11, 2001, terrorists struck the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and an airplane in route to Washington, D.C. and we again had to defend our freedom. We are continuing to help put an end to the senseless acts of terrorists along with teaching the people in Iraq and Afghanistan how to defend themselves against the Taliban. The United States of America is a world power, supporting the individual rights and freedom of people throughout the world. It stands for and supports liberty and justice for all, and that makes me incredibly proud.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli Essays

Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli Essays Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli Paper Lab Report of the Experiment of Conjugation of E. Coli Paper Using alkaline lysine nipper, a DNA lassie was isolated from the donor and transcontinental strains and FIG electrophoresis was used to determine the size of the plasmid. The conjugation efficiency was found to be 16. 25% and the plasmid DNA was approximately 97 kilobytes long. The results show that the F plasmid was effectively transferred from the donor cells into the recipient cells via conjugation. Introduction:Bacterial conjugation is the unidirectional transfer of either genomic DNA or plasmid DNA from a donor bacterial cell to a recipient bacterial cell by cell-to-cell contact via a sex pills (Sonatas Simmons, 2006). Conjugation was first discovered by Elderberry and Datum in 1946. In their experiment, they grew two strains of bacteria in separate vessels with rich medium and then together in one vessel containing the same medium. Then, they spread the three vessel contents onto medium agar plates and incubated them overnight at ETC. The only plate that showed cell growth was the plate containing the mixture of the two bacterial strains. The other two plates showed no growth. This experiment proved that in order for recombination to occur, the two strains must come in contact with one another (Elderberry, Datum, 1946). In 1950, Bernard Davis discovered that cell-to-cell contact was required to obtain a transcontinental. Using a U tube containing a sintered filter between the two sides of the tube, he added two types of bacteria (donor and recipient) to each side of the tube. Because of the filter, Davis never observed conjugation. This further proved that in order for conjugation to occur, the cells must come into physical contact. In order for cells to undergo conjugation, one cell must contain a fertility factor (F). William Hayes discovered this F factor in 1952. The F factor, which is a small auricular molecule of DNA (plasmid), controls the synthesis of F pill that connect donor and recipient cells during conjugation. These F factors are approximately 105 bagpipers in size. In bacterial conjugation, a donor cell containing the F plasmid is referred to as an F+ cell while a recipient cell that lacks the plasmid is an F- cell. When an F+ cell mates with an F- cell (conjugation), the plasmid is transferred. Both the donor and recipient cells become F+ cells and contain the F plasmid. While transferring the F+ plasmid, sometimes the plasmid is integrated into the recipients chromosome. These cells are referred to as Hoff cells. Sometimes chromosomal DNA is looped out of the F plasmid, and chromosomal genes are transferred into the recipient; the recipient cells are referred to as F strains. When donor F cells mate with recipient F- cells, genomic DNA is transferred from donor to recipient. This transfer is known as seduction and the cell that receives the F plasmid from the donor is referred to as a transcontinental (Sonatas Simmons, 2006). In the experiment performed, conjugation was studied in E. Coli bacterial cells. The donor bacterial cells contained the F plasmid that had the lack+ gene integrated into it, making the cells Flag+stars. The recipient bacterial cells were F- lack-stir. The donor and recipient cells were mixed and plated onto streptomycin indicator plates. Using AGE electrophoresis, plasmid DNA was isolated and its size was determined. The plasmid was present in the donor and transcontinental cells; however, in the recipient cells the plasmid was absent. Materials and Methods:One ml of each of donor (Flag+stars) and recipient (F- lack-stir) the E. Oil bacterial strains, from the American Type Culture Collection in Rockville, Md. , was pipettes with a pitman into a sterile culture tube and incubated, without shaking, at 370 C for 90 minutes. Before plating the strains on agar plates, dilutions of the three strains of cells were prepared with LB broth. 100 Pl of 10-5 and 10-6 dilutions of donor cells were each plated onto McCracken (MAC) agar plates without streptomycin. 100 Pl of 1 0-5 dilution of donor cells and 10-5 and 10-6 recipient were also plated onto MAC plates with streptomycin. 00 Pl of 10-4 and 10-5 dilutions of the conjugation mixture cells were plated onto MAC agar with streptomycin. All seven plates were inverted and placed in a ETC incubator for about 24 hours. The bacterial colonies on each plate were counted the next day (colony counts seen in Table l). Donor colonies were picked with a sterile loop and placed into a sterile test tube containing LB broth. Recipient and transcontinental colonies were also isolated and placed into sterile test tubes containing LB broth and streptomycin. The tubes were then placed in a 37 C shaking incubator at 250 RPM overnight. After the incubation, 1. 5 ml of each of the three cultures were added to offender tubes and centrifuged at 13,200 RPM for 1 minute. An alkaline lysine procedure like that of Bromine and Doll was then performed to extract the lassie DNA with 200 Pl of alkaline SD detergent solution (Bromine Daly, 1979). After the alkaline lysine procedure was complete, the pellets were washed with a 100% ethanol and stored in a -ICC freezer. A 1% agrees gel in 0. 5 X TUBE buffer was prepared for gel electrophoresis in a gel tray. The gel tray was placed into the BIO-RADAR FIG Mapped apparatus. Loading dye was added and each sample (apron. 25 VI) was then loaded into a well. DNA markers were loaded into the first and last wells. The gel was run under program 4 for 16 hours, 180 volts forward and 120 volts reverse. When the program was knishes, the gel was placed into an tedium bromide solution to stain. After staining, the gel was gently rocked in distilled water. Using a Kodak IDEAS 290 imaging system, a picture of the gel was taken (which can be seen in Figure 1. 0). Results:During the experiment, donor (F+lack+stars) and recipient (F-lack-stir) cells were mixed and plated onto streptomycin indicator plates. Plasmid DNA was extracted from the donor and transcontinental cells and FIG electrophoresis was used to determine the plasmids size. After plating and incubating the bacterial dilutions, the cell colonies were counted. It was observed that all of the donor ells were red, all of the recipient cells were white, and the conjugation culture cells were a mix of red and white. There were too many (>300) red colonies to count on the donor 10-5 MAC agar plate and 60 red colonies on the donor 10-6 MAC agar plate. No colonies were seen on the donor 10-5 MAC agar + strep plate. There were 126 white colonies on the recipient 10-5 MAC + strep plate and 32 white colonies seen on the recipient 10-6 MAC + strep agar plate. The transcontinental 10-4 MAC + strep agar plate had 206 red and too many white colonies to count, while the transcontinental 10-5 MAC + strep agar plate had 26 De colonies and 86 white colonies (seen in Table l). Using the cell counts and their dilutions, the culture concentration was calculated. The concentration of donor cells in the 10-6 dilution was xx cells/ ml_. The concentration of recipient cells in the 10-6 dilution was 3. Axis cells/ml. The concentration of transcontinental cells in the 10-5 dilution was 2. Xx cells/ ml (Table II). The conjugation efficiency was calculated to be 16. 25% (Table Ill). Upon completion of a FIG electrophoresis, marker standards were used to determine the plasmid size and the distance traveled. The size and mobility f the bands in Marker II (Figure 1. 0) were measured and a standard curve was generated ( Figure 2. 0). This curve was then used to determine the plasmid size present in the donor and transcontinental cells. The plasmid was not present in the recipient cells. ) The plasmid traveled 14. 5 mm and was approximately 101 kilobytes long. Discussion:After plating the donor cells onto MAC plates that did not contain the streptomycin antibiotic, red colonies grew. This result is plausible because the donor cells contained the lack Oberon, which codes for enzymes that can utilize lactose as food. Cells containing this Oberon can grow on MAC plates because the plates contain lactose sugar. These two plates were then compared to the donor plate that contained the streptomycin antibiotic. No colonies grew on the streptomycin plate. This is because the donor cells did not contain the gene for streptomycin resistance. After plating the recipient cells onto MAC+strep plates, white colonies grew. This result is seen because the recipient cells lack the lack Oberon. These cells cannot utilize lactose as a food source. Also, the recipient cells were able to grow in the presence of streptomycin because they contained gene for resistance to the antibiotic. On the plates containing MAC+strep and 10-5 transcontinental cells, there were 26 red cells present. Ideally, because the cells were too dilute for conjugation to be seen, there should have been no red cells present. On the plates containing MAC+strep and 10-4 transcontinental cells, both red and white colonies were observed. The white colonies were recipient cells and the red were transcontinental. It can be determined that the red cells were the transcontinental because previously, red cells (which indicate donor cells) were not able to grow on plates containing streptomycin. Because they ere present on streptomycin plate, the cells must have undergone conjugation. After isolating the plasmids and running them on a FIG electrophoresis, it was observed that the plasmid was only present in the donor and transcontinental cells. This occurred because only the donor cells contained the plasmid. Because donor cells were not present in the recipient cells, no conjugation could occur; therefore, no plasmid would be seen in the recipient lane on the gel. The size of the F plasmid was determined by measuring the distance the plasmid traveled in the gel, and comparing it to a known marker (Marker II). The size of the F plasmid as determined to be approximately 97 kilobytes long. This was compared to the literature value, of approximately 100 kilobytes (Sealing, Paulson, and Cooper, 1991 Because the plasmid size is very close to the literature value, it can be concluded that the DNA plasmid was successfully isolated from the donor to the transcontinental cells. Genomic DNA was not transferred and no Hoff strains were formed. The conjugation efficiency was calculated and found to be 16. 25% on the transcontinental plates, meaning for every 100 cells on the plate, 16. 5 were transcontinental. A 16. 25% conjugation efficiency is a reasonable value. The value seen could be due to the fact that even though a donor cell contains the F plasmid, the plasmid is not always transferred into every single recipient cell. If this were the case, a conjugation efficiency of 100% would be seen every time. Comparing this value to an efficiency value seen in the literature of 94%, the value is a bit low (Kiang et al. , 2000). To increase the conjugation efficiency, the mixed donor and recipient cells could be left to sit for a longer period of time.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Free Essays on The Monk

The Monk: A Rebellious Offspring of the Age of Reason Understanding the Gothic novel can be accomplished by obtaining a familiarity of the Augustan point of view, which helps to develop a reference point for comparing and contrasting the origin of Gothic literature. The thinking that was being questioned by the Gothic novel was Augustanism; and without some understanding of Augustan principles and their role in eighteenth-century thought it is difficult to understand the purposes of the Gothic revival, either in terms of history or in terms of the way in which it offered a new conception of the relations between man, nature and a supreme being. David punter describes the political relationship of the Augustan thinker to the literary world, â€Å" It is tempting to see in Augustanism the doctrine of a small cultural elite holding on to power and status under increasing pressure, and that pressure as precisely that exerted by the new reading public on the homogeneity of the old literary establishment (p 31 Punter). This small number of e lite would have included, but not limited to, Fielding, Johnson and especially Pope. However, Fielding and Johnson were slowly stepping outside of the realm of the Augustan limitations. Fielding was undoubtedly Augustan in his beliefs in the stability of social rules and the necessity of a social and psychological compromise, but his mocking attitude towards literary stipulation represents a more moderate Augustan replication. Johnson, on the other hand, was a firm believer in these literary rules and yet it was his ‘Preface to Shakespeare’ which became the first significant breach in these limitations. Alexander Pope’s ‘Essay on Man’ embodies the cosmological, theological and ethical beliefs of the Augustan age; while at the same time exemplifying submission to the rules of literary form. The Augustan approach was intellectual with formal restraint; while relying on reason and traditionalis... Free Essays on The Monk Free Essays on The Monk The Monk: A Rebellious Offspring of the Age of Reason Understanding the Gothic novel can be accomplished by obtaining a familiarity of the Augustan point of view, which helps to develop a reference point for comparing and contrasting the origin of Gothic literature. The thinking that was being questioned by the Gothic novel was Augustanism; and without some understanding of Augustan principles and their role in eighteenth-century thought it is difficult to understand the purposes of the Gothic revival, either in terms of history or in terms of the way in which it offered a new conception of the relations between man, nature and a supreme being. David punter describes the political relationship of the Augustan thinker to the literary world, â€Å" It is tempting to see in Augustanism the doctrine of a small cultural elite holding on to power and status under increasing pressure, and that pressure as precisely that exerted by the new reading public on the homogeneity of the old literary establishment (p 31 Punter). This small number of e lite would have included, but not limited to, Fielding, Johnson and especially Pope. However, Fielding and Johnson were slowly stepping outside of the realm of the Augustan limitations. Fielding was undoubtedly Augustan in his beliefs in the stability of social rules and the necessity of a social and psychological compromise, but his mocking attitude towards literary stipulation represents a more moderate Augustan replication. Johnson, on the other hand, was a firm believer in these literary rules and yet it was his ‘Preface to Shakespeare’ which became the first significant breach in these limitations. Alexander Pope’s ‘Essay on Man’ embodies the cosmological, theological and ethical beliefs of the Augustan age; while at the same time exemplifying submission to the rules of literary form. The Augustan approach was intellectual with formal restraint; while relying on reason and traditionalis...

Monday, November 4, 2019

The Professional Responsibility and Communication Assignment

The Professional Responsibility and Communication - Assignment Example The code of conduct of some of the most successful companies is very clear. This however should not be the benchmark of their operations. Moral virtues as well as professional conduct should be incorporated into the organizational behaviors of these individuals by the human resource departments. On the other hand, business ethics are also a big responsibility that all companies in all fields must observe. Technological and computing companies should not practice in such a manner that breaks the generally accepted business ethics. For example, they should be honest and not manipulate other companies because of superiority in the information aspects. In addition to that, it is good for such companies to practice corporate social responsibilities in the society they operate (Grodzinsky 1999, pp. 10). Such undertakings could be done by advancing bursaries, giving educational trips and sponsorships to students with passion in this industry but without the capacity to do so. DQ 2-Â  Commu nications The use of internet slang, short texts and icons has raised questions about their benefits and their effect on the mainstream languages. There has been a debate on whether the new style is in itself a new communication mechanism or otherwise. It is clear that despite the merits involved in this new style such as ease of use and convenience, written language is negatively affected and boundaries should be set. In some areas, some of the old versions or formal language is being totally replaced with new words, commonly among the youths. One of the most obvious merits in the use of short or simplified language especially while using the internet is that that it provides a convenient way of communication. Brown et al (2006) point out that this creates... This assignment highlights the responsibilities that these professionals have to the society, ways to be responsible and the business ethics that are involved in the course. The biggest responsibility that they ought to have is ensuring that they assess the social impact of their creation to the society according to ACM. This is because there are numerous instances where the savvy technological experts come up with very beneficial programmers. The use of the signal and new generation slang has no doubt affected a considerable number of users especially in the official world. There have been instances where a number of graduates use unofficial and grammatically incorrect languages in job applications. This is one effect that a repeated use of such language has over the society. The researcher shows the direct effects that technology has brought especially in the communication sector. He categorically states that the mobile phone text messaging creates a very comfortable and easy way o f communicating which risks many minds to be lazy and using shortcuts. In conclusion, the discussion has looked at the professionalism of the computing world and the responsibilities that are expected from the involved experts. In the world today, the way people carry out their professions has changed to include ethics and professional responsibility. Additionally, there has been an insight that communication helps to alleviate the mode of living. However, if not taken with caution it may end up spoiling or negatively impacting the society.

Friday, November 1, 2019

There has been extensive research into whether employees are motivated Essay

There has been extensive research into whether employees are motivated purely by money, or whether there are other factors which - Essay Example One such theory is that employees are purely motivated by money. There are other theories that contradict this and argue that there are various other factors that motivate the employees and impact employee behavior. In this essay I evaluate both viewpoints and conclude my opinion on the debate. Motivation Before going on to see what motivates employees, it is first necessary to understand what exactly motivation is and the various motivation theories. Motivation is best defined by Armstrong (2002, p. 56) as a reason for a person to do something and move in a certain direction. Most people are motivated when they believe that a certain course of action leads to the achievement of a goal or results in a reward that satisfies a particular need. There are mainly two types of motivation: Intrinsic Motivation: This is motivation through work itself. This is a result of self generated factors which leads to people behaving in a particular way or particular direction. The various factors tha t are responsible for intrinsic motivation are creativity responsibility, challenging environment, scope for development of skills and abilities, growth opportunities, etc (Armstrong, 2007, p. 121). Extrinsic Motivation: Extrinsic motivation is inspired by what is done to or for people if they act in a certain way. That is, what is done to motivate people. These factors includes rewards such as pay, praise, recognition, raise and even punishments such as criticism, pay withholding, disciplinary action, etc (Armstrong, 2007, p. 121). Employee motivation depends on the individual. Each individual reacts to a situation in a different way and are motivated by different factors. Therefore, some employees are motivated by intrinsic factors while others are motivated by external factors. Money as motivator One of the very first theories that were published discussed how money is motivator for employees to perform better. It even concluded that money is the only factor that influences emplo yee motivation. Research was conducted by Fredrick Taylor in 1911 and according to him employees worked only on money. The reason for this is that when employees were offered pay based directly on their performance or productivity, it was observed that productivity increased. This resulted in greater productivity and proves the fact that money is an important motivator. There are various other researches that were conducted in order to prove the role that money plays as a motivator. It is argued that financial rewards give employees an opportunity to secure their personal lives. Main motive behind employees to work is that they want to earn money to take care of their personal life and their families. If money is taken out of the equation, irrespective of what the job offers, no employee would be willing to work. Hence money is a vital motivator. Money may not be the only motivator but is definitely the most fundamental one. There is evidence from various researches that have proved that where financial rewards are offered, better is the productivity and the commitment of the employees. One of the best examples of this is how the changes in the pay system made a direct impact on the productivity and growth of General Electric. CEO Jack Welch’s strategy of greater rewards for those employees with better individual and organizational performance made motivated the employees and resulted in the revitalization of the organization (Rynes et al., 2004, p. 392). In a recent survey,